Collection

Exhibitions: In and Out of Place

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Artist(s):		Maria Oakey Dewing (New York, NY, Oct 27, 1845 - Dec 13, 1927, New York, NY)
Title:		*A Bed of Poppies*
Date:		1909
Dimensions:		25 1/8 in. x 30 1/8 in. (63.82 cm x 76.52 cm)
Medium:		Oil on canvas
Credit Line:		Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, MA, Gift of anonymous donor, 1931.2

This object is a member of the following groups (click any group name to view all objects in that group):

Exhibitions: A Wildness Distant from Ourselves: Art and Ecology in Nineteenth-Century America
Exhibitions: In and Out of Place
Themes: MLC Portfolio: Representing the Land
Themes: Flora and Fauna

Object Information

In 1885 Maria Oakey Dewing and her husband, the painter Thomas Wilmer Dewing, spent the first of eighteen summers in the artists' colony of Cornish, New Hampshire, at the base of Mount Ascutney. There they found themselves caught up in the gardening craze that had taken hold of the rural community, inspiring a contemporary landscape architect to describe Cornish as the site of a "renaissance of gardening in America."1 Among the summer residents, the Dewings had one of the most extensive gardens, modeled, like those of most of their neighbors, on the English-style cottage gardens that were then enjoying a popular revival. Abundantly planted and informally laid out, the Dewings' flower beds were filled with old-fashioned blooms, such as hollyhocks, roses, lilies, irises, foxgloves, peonies, and poppies. During their years in Cornish, Maria developed into an avid amateur botanist and plein air painter, and came to believe that any artist wishing to paint from nature must first commit himself to "a long apprenticeship in the garden.”2 She prided herself on her careful observation of plants and her ability to capture their individual growing habits, claiming: "When I paint flowers, I paint more than I see. I paint what I know is there. For example, I know how the poppy bursts its calyx, so that when I paint poppies they are true to nature.”3

Maria Oakey Dewing's reputation as an artist is based on only a handful of surviving works, nearly all of them flower studies such as this one—a genre deemed particularly appropriate for women artists at the turn of the century. Her teachers included John La Farge, to whom she acknowledged "an unpayable debt,"4 and whose flower paintings she called "the most beautiful in all the world.”5 She also studied briefly with William Morris Hunt in Boston, and in 1876 traveled to France to work under Thomas Couture, who encouraged his pupils to experiment with painting flowers. As a young artist during the decade of the seventies, Maria painted mainly figures and portraits, but she consciously avoided these subjects following her marriage to Dewing in 1881. Her correspondence with art critic Royal Cortissoz alludes to her concern with not placing her own work—at that time better known—in competition with that of her husband, and although she had exhibited flower paintings as early as the 1870s, by the 1890s they were almost the only type of painting she did.6 The Art Interchange of May 1895 stated that "since her marriage to Thomas W. Dewing [Maria] has aided her husband by painting the flower backgrounds in many of his pictures.”7 In fact, she collaborated on several of his canvases and folding screens, among them Hymen (1886, Cincinnati Art Museum, Ohio), a picture of the goddess of marriage, and The Days (1887, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut), a monumental work based on a poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Even though her choice of flower painting seems conservative, the relative daring of Maria Dewing's canvases can be appreciated when one compares A Bed of Poppies with contemporary renderings by Childe Hassam of Celia Thaxter's famous poppy-filled garden on the Isles of Shoals off the coast of New Hampshire. Unlike the more standard treatment adopted by Hassam, complete with foreground, middle ground, and background, Dewing does away with any suggestion of a horizon line and gives the viewer a radically reduced perspective, denying any sense of depth and depicting the dramatic red and white flowers as delicate patterns dancing against the shifting green of the foliage. In light of her novel approach to the subject, it is interesting to note her instructor Couture's directive to "never forget to make yourself into an ant or a bee; [and] plunder everywhere.”8

In 1905 the Dewings escaped the increasingly popular village of Cornish and purchased a large tract of land at Green Hill, New Hampshire, in the White Mountains. The rugged climate and remote setting of their "camp" did not deter Maria from nurturing her "garden thirsty soul,”9 and over the next nine summers she and her husband planted many different hardy perennials on their property. In a 1923 letter to Edwin C. Shaw, then owner of A Bed of Poppies, Maria described the circumstances surrounding its creation in 1909. She explained that although she had regularly painted in her Cornish garden and had even made an earlier study of poppies there (Poppies and Mignonette, Private collection), his painting was notable for being the only one she did during their time at Green Hill.10 When Maria died just four years after her correspondence with Shaw, her longtime friend Royal Cortissoz summed up her special talent: "She knew how to interpret the soul of a flower but her principal aim was to make it a work of art ... save for La Farge we have had no one who could work with flowers the magic that was hers.”11

Karen E. Haas, Addison Gallery of American Art: 65 Years, A Selective Catalogue (Andover, Massachusetts: Addison Gallery of American Art, 1996), pp. 356-57

1. Ellen Biddle Shipman (1869-1950), "Garden Note Book," unpaginated, Cornell University Library, Ithaca, New York, quoted by Rebecca Warren Davidson, "Charles A. Platt and the Fine Art of Landscape Design,” in Keith N. Morgan et al., Shaping an American Landscape: The Art and Architecture of Charles A. Platt (Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1995), p. 80.

2. Maria Oakey Dewing, "Flower Painters and What the Flower Offers to Art," Art and Progress 6 (June 1915), p. 262.

3. Quoted in Arthur Edwin Bye, Pots and Pans or Studies in Still-Life Painting (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1921), p. 199.

4. Maria Oakey Dewing, "Abbott Thayer—A Portrait and an Appreciation," International Studio (August 1921), quoted in Jennifer A. Martin, "The Rediscovery of Maria Oakey Dewing," The Feminist Art Journal (Summer 1976), p. 25.

5. Dewing, "Flower Painters," p. 257.

6. See Jennifer Martin, "Portraits of Flowers: The Out-of-Door Still-Life Paintings of Maria Oakey Dewing," American Art Review 4 (December 1977). pp. 55 n. 12, 117.

7. Quoted in Susan Hobbs, "Thomas Dewing in Cornish. 1885-1905," The American Art Journal 17 (Spring 1985). p. 32 n.62.

8. Quoted in Martin, "Portraits of Flowers," p. 115.

9. Edwin C. Shaw Papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., microfilm reel 1124, frame 651.

10. Dewing to Edwin C. Shaw, 27 January 1923, Shaw Papers, microfilm reel 1124, frame 646.

11. New York Herald Tribune, 18 December 1927, quoted in Martin, "Rediscovery of Maria Oakey Dewing," p. 27. I n a letter of 12 March 1928 to Robert McIntyre at the Macbeth Gallery in New York, itemizing acquisition recommendations for the newly founded Addison Gallery of American Art, Cortissoz writes of Maria Oakey Dewing's paintings: "By all means. If you can get one of her fine flower pieces don't miss the chance. She was as good as LaFarge or Fantin Latour with flowers"; Addison Gallery Archives.

Exhibition History

This object was included in the following exhibitions:

Living with Design, Addison Gallery of American Art, 10/22/1959 - 10/23/1959
American Painting, 1865-1905, The Art Gallery of Toronto, 1/5/1961 - 6/18/1961
American Traditional Painters 1865-1915, American Federation of Arts, 10/1/1962 - 5/19/1963
American Pupils of Thomas Couture, University of Maryland Art Gallery, 3/19/1970 - 4/26/1970
An American Flower Show, Heritage Plantation of Sandwich, 5/9/1980 - 10/13/1980
American Impressionism, Addison Gallery of American Art, 2/13/1981 - 3/8/1981
Down Garden Paths: The Floral Environment in American Art, The Montclair Art Museum, 10/1/1983 - 11/30/1983
Reflections of Nature: Flowers in American Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, 2/29/1984 - 5/20/1984
Woman Pioneers in Maine Art: 1900-1945, The Joan Whitney Payson Gallery of Art, 4/9/1985 - 5/19/1985
Nature's Bounty: American Floral Painting, 1835-1935, Whitney Museum of American Art at Champion, 4/22/1993 - 7/14/1993
Masterworks from the Permanent Collection, Addison Gallery of American Art, 10/29/1993 - 1/9/1993
Addison Gallery of American Art: 65 Years, Addison Gallery of American Art, 4/13/1996 - 7/31/1996
Pleasures of Spring, Addison Gallery of American Art, 4/18/1997 - 5/11/1997
Framework: American Pictures and Frames, Addison Gallery of American Art, 1/16/1999 - 4/4/1999
Eye on the Collection: Copley to Hopper, Addison Gallery of American Art, 12/21/2004 - 6/12/2005
Eye on the Collection: West to Hopper, Addison Gallery of American Art, 6/17/2005 - 10/16/2005
Coming of Age: American Art, 1850s to 1950s, American Federation of Arts, 9/9/2006 - 9/7/2009
Eye on the Collection: Landscape Impressions, Addison Gallery of American Art, 4/28/2007 - 7/31/2007
The American Impressionists in the Garden, Cheekwood Botanical Gardens and Museum of Art, 3/11/2010 - 5/15/2011
Eye on the Collection, Addison Gallery of American Art, 4/27/2013 - 7/31/2013
Natural Selections, Addison Gallery of American Art, 9/14/2013 - 3/16/2014
The Artist's Garden: American Impressionism and the Garden Movement, 1887-1920, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 2/13/2015 - 1/3/2016
Eye on the Collection, Addison Gallery of American Art, 4/1/2017 - 7/30/2017
In and Out of Place , Addison Gallery of American Art, 2/16/2019 - 7/31/2019
A Wildness Distant from Ourselves: Art and Ecology in Nineteenth-Century America, Addison Gallery of American Art, 9/1/2019 - 7/31/2020

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Addison Gallery of American Art

Collection

Exhibitions: In and Out of Place

Object Information

Exhibition History

Phillips Academy Andover